Ngokunyuka kolwazi lwehlabathi malunga nokukhuselwa kwendalo, ukusetyenziswa kunye neendlela zokuvelisa iingxowa zokutya nazo ziguquka ngokuzolileyo. Iingxowa zokutya zeplastiki zemveli ziye zafumana ingqwalasela engakumbi nangakumbi ngenxa yokwenzakala kwazo kokusingqongileyo. Amazwe athathe amanyathelo okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwawo kunye nokukhuthaza uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinokonakala. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga imeko yangoku yeengxowa zokutya, imingeni abajongene nayo, kunye nesikhokelo sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.
1. Imeko yangoku yeengxowa zokutya
Njengesixhobo sokupakisha esiyimfuneko kubomi bemihla ngemihla, iibhegi zokutya zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiivenkile ezinkulu, ekuphekeni, ekuthatheni nakwezinye iindawo. Ngokwezibalo, inani leengxowa zeplastiki eziveliswa ehlabathini lonke nyaka ngamnye liphakame kangangeebhiliyoni, kwaye inxalenye enkulu yazo isetyenziselwa ukupakisha ukutya. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zeplastiki kuzise iingxaki ezinzulu zokusingqongileyo. Kuthatha amakhulu eminyaka ukuba iplastiki ibole kwindawo yendalo, kwaye izinto eziyingozi ziya kukhutshwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokubola, ukungcolisa umhlaba kunye nemithombo yamanzi.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla sele iqalile ukuyiqonda le ngxaki kwaye yazisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zeplastiki. Ngokomzekelo, i-European Union yadlulisela i-Plastic Bags Directive kwi-2015, ifuna amazwe angamalungu ukuba anciphise ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zeplastiki ezilahlayo ukuya kwi-90 ngomntu ngamnye ngonyaka ngo-2021. Ukongezelela, i-China iphinde iphumeze "ukuvalwa kweplastiki" kwiidolophu ezininzi ukukhuthaza amashishini ukuba asebenzise izinto ezichithwayo.
2. Iingozi zokusingqongileyo kwiingxowa zeplastiki
Iingozi zokusingqongileyo zeengxowa zeplastiki zibonakaliswa ikakhulu kule miba ilandelayo:
Ungcoliseko lwaselwandle: Inani elikhulu leengxowa zeplastiki zilahlwa ngokuthanda kwazo kwaye ekugqibeleni ziyangena elwandle, zibe yinxalenye yenkunkuma yaselwandle. Izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle zidla ngempazamo iingxowa zeplastiki, ezibangela ukufa kwazo okanye ukukhula okungaqhelekanga, okuchaphazela kakhulu ulungelelwaniso lwendalo.
Ungcoliseko lomhlaba: Xa iingxowa zeplastiki zibola emhlabeni, zikhupha imichiza eyingozi, echaphazela umgangatho womhlaba nokukhula kwezityalo.
Inkunkuma yobutyebi: Ukuveliswa kweengxowa zeplastiki kusebenzisa izibonelelo ezininzi zepetroleum, ebezinokusetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo ezibaluleke ngakumbi.
3. Ukunyuka kweengxowa zokutya ezonakeleyo
Ejongene neengxaki zokusingqongileyo ezibangelwa iingxowa zeplastiki, iinkampani ezininzi kunye namaziko ophando lwezenzululwazi sele eqalise ukuphuhlisa iingxowa zokutya ezonakeleyo. Ezi ngxowa zihlala zenziwe ngezinto ezihlaziyiweyo ezifana nesitashi sesityalo kunye ne-polylactic acid (PLA), enokuthi ihlaziywe ngokwemvelo phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ukunciphisa umthwalo kwindalo.
Izingxobo zesitatshi zezityalo: Olu hlobo lwengxowa lwenziwe ikakhulu ngezinto ezikrwada zezityalo ezifana nesitatshi sombona, kwaye lunokuhambelana kakuhle kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokonakala. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba iingxowa zesitatshi zezityalo zinokuthotywa ngokupheleleyo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.
Iingxowa ze-Polylactic acid: I-Polylactic acid yi-bioplastic eyenziwe kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo (efana nesitashi sombona) kunye neempawu ezintle zoomatshini kunye nokungafihli, zilungele ukupakishwa kokutya. Iingxowa ze-Polylactic acid zingonakaliswa kwiinyanga ezi-6 phantsi kweemeko zokuvundisa kwimizi-mveliso.
Ezinye izinto ezintsha: Ukongeza kwi-starch yezityalo kunye ne-polylactic acid, abaphandi baphinda bahlolisise ezinye izinto ezichithwayo, ezifana ne-seaweed extracts, i-mycelium, njl. Ezi zixhobo ezintsha azigcini nje ngokusingqongileyo, kodwa zibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle kokupakisha.
4. Imingeni yeengxowa zokutya ezonakeleyo
Nangona iingxowa zokutya ezonakalisayo zineengenelo ezicacileyo kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, zisajongene nemingeni ethile kwinkqubo yokukhuthaza kunye nokusetyenziswa:
Imiba yeendleko: Okwangoku, ixabiso lemveliso yezinto ezonakalayo liphezulu ngokubanzi kunelo lezinto zeplastiki zemveli, nto leyo eyenza ukuba abarhwebi abaninzi basatyekele ekusebenziseni iingxowa zeplastiki ezitshiphu xa bekhetha izinto zokupakisha.
Ulwazi lwabathengi: Abathengi abaninzi abanalo ulwazi lwaneleyo ngeengxowa zokutya ezonakalayo kwaye basaqhele ukusebenzisa iiplastiki zesintu. Indlela yokuphucula ukuqonda koluntu ngokusingqongileyo kunye nokubakhuthaza ukuba bakhethe iimveliso ezinokonakala ngundoqo ekukhuthazeni.
Inkqubo yokurisayikilisha: Ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokunyangwa kweengxowa zokutya ezonakeleyo kufuna ukusekwa kwenkqubo yesandi. Okwangoku, iindawo ezininzi azikayikhi indlela esebenzayo yokurisayikilishwa, enokubangela ukuba iingxowa ezonakeleyo zidityaniswe neengxowa zeplastiki eziqhelekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yonyango, nto leyo echaphazela umphumo wokuthotywa.
5. Isikhokelo soPhuhliso lwexesha elizayo
Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukwaziwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweengxowa zokutya ezonakeleyo, oorhulumente, amashishini kunye namaziko ophando lwenzululwazi kufuneka basebenzisane ukuthatha la manyathelo alandelayo:
Inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo: Urhulumente kufuneka azise imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo ukukhuthaza amashishini ukuba aphuhlise kwaye asebenzise izinto ezinokuwohloka, kwaye abonelele ngenkxaso-mali okanye inkuthazo yerhafu kumashishini asebenzisa iingxowa ezinokonakala.
Imfundo kuluntu: Ngokwazisa uluntu kunye nemfundo, phucula ulwazi lukawonke-wonke ngeengxowa zokutya ezingonakali kwaye ukhuthaze abathengi ukuba bakhethe iimveliso ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo.
Uphando lweTekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso: Ukwandisa utyalo-mali kuphando kunye nophuhliso lwemathiriyeli enokuthotywa, ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwemathiriyeli ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemfuno yemarike.
Ukuphucula inkqubo yokurisayikilisha: Ukuseka nokuphucula inkqubo yokurisayikilisha neyonyango lwemathiriyeli ezonakeleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotywa kwazo okusebenzayo emva kokusetyenziswa nokunciphisa impembelelo kokusingqongileyo.
Isiphelo: Indlela eya ekukhuselweni kokusingqongileyo kweengxowa zokutya inde kwaye inzima, kodwa ngenkqubela phambili yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye nokuphuculwa kolwazi loluntu, sinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuba ukupakishwa kokutya kwexesha elizayo kuya kuba luhlaza kwaye kuhambelana nokusingqongileyo. Ngeenzame ezidibeneyo, sinokwenza indawo yokuhlala engcono kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-07-2024
