Njengoko ulwazi olukhulayo kwihlabathi liphela malunga nokukhuselwa kwendalo, iindlela zokusetyenziswa kunye nokuveliswa kweengxowa zokutya nazo ziyatshintsha kancinci. Iingxowa zokutya zeplastiki zemveli ziye zafumana ingqwalasela engakumbi ngenxa yokonakalisa kwazo okusingqongileyo. Amazwe athathe amanyathelo okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunye nokukhuthaza uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibolayo. Eli nqaku liza kuhlola imeko yangoku yeengxowa zokutya, imingeni ezijongene nayo, kunye nesikhokelo sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.
1. Imeko yangoku yeengxowa zokutya
Njengezinto zokupakisha eziyimfuneko kubomi bemihla ngemihla, iingxowa zokutya zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiivenkile ezinkulu, kwiindawo zokupheka, kwiindawo zokutya nakwezinye iindawo. Ngokwezibalo, inani leengxowa zeplastiki eziveliswayo kwihlabathi liphela minyaka le lifikelela kwizigidigidi zeerandi, kwaye inxalenye enkulu yazo isetyenziselwa ukupakisha ukutya. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zeplastiki kuzise iingxaki ezinkulu zokusingqongileyo. Kuthatha amakhulu eminyaka ukuba iplastiki ibole kwindawo yendalo, kwaye izinto ezinobungozi ziya kukhutshwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokubola, zingcolise umhlaba kunye nemithombo yamanzi.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla sele iqalile ukuyiqonda le ngxaki kwaye iqalise imigaqo-nkqubo yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zeplastiki. Umzekelo, iManyano yaseYurophu ipasise uMyalelo weeNgxowa zePlastiki ngo-2015, ofuna amazwe angamalungu ukuba anciphise ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zeplastiki ezilahlwayo ziye kuma-90 kumntu ngamnye ngonyaka ngo-2021. Ukongeza, iTshayina ikwaqalise "ukuvalwa kweplastiki" kwizixeko ezininzi ukukhuthaza amashishini ukuba asebenzise izinto ezibolayo.
2. Iingozi zokusingqongileyo zeengxowa zeplastiki
Iingozi zokusingqongileyo zeengxowa zeplastiki zibonakala kakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
Ungcoliseko lolwandle: Inani elikhulu leengxowa zeplastiki ziyalahlwa ngokuthanda kwazo kwaye ekugqibeleni zithululelwe elwandle, zibe yinxalenye yenkunkuma yolwandle. Izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle ngempazamo zitya iingxowa zeplastiki, nto leyo ebangela ukufa kwazo okanye ukukhula kwazo okungaqhelekanga, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu ulungelelwaniso lwendalo.
Ungcoliseko lomhlaba: Xa iingxowa zeplastiki zibola emhlabeni, zikhupha iikhemikhali eziyingozi, ezichaphazela umgangatho womhlaba kunye nokukhula kwezityalo.
Inkunkuma yezixhobo: Ukuveliswa kweengxowa zeplastiki kudla imithombo emininzi yepetroli, ebinokusetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo ezibaluleke ngakumbi.
3. Ukwanda kweengxowa zokutya ezibolayo
Zijongene neengxaki zokusingqongileyo ezibangelwa ziingxowa zeplastiki, iinkampani ezininzi kunye namaziko ophando lwezenzululwazi aqalise ukuvelisa iingxowa zokutya ezibolayo. Ezi ngxowa zihlala zenziwe ngezinto ezivuselelekayo ezifana nesitatshi sezityalo kunye ne-polylactic acid (PLA), ezinokonakala ngokwendalo phantsi kweemeko ezithile, nto leyo enciphisa umthwalo kwindalo.
Iingxowa zesitatshi sezityalo: Olu hlobo lwengxowa lwenziwe kakhulu ngezinto eziluhlaza zezityalo ezifana nesitatshi sombona, kwaye luhambelana kakuhle nendalo kwaye lunokubola. Izifundo zibonise ukuba iingxowa zesitatshi sezityalo zinokonakala ngokupheleleyo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.
Iingxowa ze-polylactic acid: I-polylactic acid yi-bioplastic eyenziwe ngezinto ezivuselelekayo (ezifana nesitatshi sombona) ezineempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini kunye nokucaca, ezifanelekileyo ukupakishwa kokutya. Iingxowa ze-polylactic acid zinokonakala zingadlulanga iinyanga ezi-6 phantsi kweemeko zokwenza umgquba kwimizi-mveliso.
Ezinye izinto ezintsha: Ukongeza kwisitatshi sezityalo kunye ne-polylactic acid, abaphandi bakwahlola nezinye izinto ezibolayo, ezifana neziqwenga zolwandle, i-mycelium, njl. Ezi zinto zintsha azigcini nje ngokuba nobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kodwa zikwabonelela ngokusebenza ngcono kokupakisha.
4. Imingeni yeengxowa zokutya ezibolayo
Nangona iingxowa zokutya ezibolayo zinezibonelelo ezicacileyo ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo, zisajongene nemingeni ethile kwinkqubo yokukhuthaza nokusetyenziswa kwazo:
Iingxaki zeendleko: Okwangoku, iindleko zemveliso yezinto ezibolayo ngokubanzi ziphezulu kunezezinto zeplastiki zemveli, nto leyo eyenza abathengisi abaninzi basasebenzisa iingxowa zeplastiki ezingabizi kakhulu xa bekhetha izinto zokupakisha.
Ukuqonda abathengi: Abathengi abaninzi abanalo ulwazi olwaneleyo ngeengxowa zokutya ezibolayo kwaye basaqhele ukusebenzisa iingxowa zeplastiki zemveli. Indlela yokuphucula ulwazi loluntu ngokusingqongileyo kunye nokubakhuthaza ukuba bakhethe iimveliso ezibolayo ngundoqo ekukhuthazeni.
Inkqubo yokuphinda usebenzise: Ukuphinda usebenzise nokulungisa iingxowa zokutya ezibolayo kufuna ukusekwa kwenkqubo yesandi. Okwangoku, iindawo ezininzi azikayivelisi indlela esebenzayo yokuphinda usebenzise, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba iingxowa ezibolayo zidityaniswe neengxowa zeplastiki eziqhelekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yonyango, nto leyo echaphazela isiphumo sokonakala.
5. Isikhokelo soPhuhliso lwexesha elizayo
Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukusasazwa nokusetyenziswa kweengxowa zokutya ezibolayo, oorhulumente, amashishini kunye namaziko ophando lwezenzululwazi kufuneka basebenzisane ukuze bathathe la manyathelo alandelayo:
Inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo: Urhulumente kufuneka aqalise imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo yokukhuthaza amashishini ukuba aphuhlise kwaye asebenzise izinto ezibolayo, kwaye anike inkxaso-mali okanye izibonelelo zerhafu kumashishini asebenzisa iingxowa ezibolayo.
Imfundo kawonke-wonke: Ngokusebenzisa ulwazi nokwazisa uluntu, kuphucula ulwazi loluntu ngeengxowa zokutya ezibolayo kwaye kukhuthaze abathengi ukuba bakhethe iimveliso ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.
Uphando nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji: Ukunyusa utyalo-mali kuphando nophuhliso lwezinto ezibolayo, ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwezinto ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zemarike.
Phucula inkqubo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe: Misela kwaye uphucule inkqubo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nokulungisa izinto ezibolayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyawohloka ngempumelelo emva kokusetyenziswa kwaye unciphise impembelelo kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Isiphelo: Indlela eya ekukhuselweni kwendalo kweengxowa zokutya inde kwaye inzima, kodwa ngokuqhubela phambili kwesayensi netekhnoloji kunye nokuphuculwa kolwazi loluntu, sinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuba ukupakisha ukutya kwixesha elizayo kuya kuba luhlaza ngakumbi kwaye kube nobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Ngemizamo edibeneyo, singadala indawo yokuhlala engcono kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-07-2024
